Dual coding in an intriguing concept in education. Though “learning styles” have been debunked, they still often make an appearance. We hear people say things like “I’m a visual learner.” The truth is, we all benefit from the use of both auditory and visual systems, and ‘learning styles’ are a myth. (Kirschner & Hendrick, 2020).
This is the idea behind dual coding – that pictures and words together are the best ways to learn. Perhaps this is obvious, but it seems as though in education, we don’t dive deep enough into why and how this can work better. First off, when using both systems, we will find that associations and connections can arise – they are often deeper and longer-lasting. These connections have additive effects on memory and this effect is stronger than if you only use one system. Connections and additive effects are key as we investigate deeper into the transfer of knowledge. (For me specifically, between intervention and classroom performance)
Implications for elementary students:
- Use animation and narration when explaining concepts. This is better than text + pictures. Explain diagrams verbally.
- Don’t make the mistake of re-reading the text either- you might think the redundancy helps, it’s actually a common misconception.
- Place text and pictures near each other when presenting and explaining concepts
- Offer images and texts at the same time
- Use concrete examples coupled with pictures to explain complex thoughts
- Appeal to the imagination– Have students create their own mental images of something that you discussed
- Knowing more leads to doing more. Students require knowledge of objects and content in order to support further development
This has been adapted from the work of Kirschner & Hendrick. Their book is a must-read for educators.
Sean D'Abreu 